Canadian Medical Guide > Chemicals and Drugs > Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins > Proteins > DNA-Binding Proteins Terms and Definitions




DNA-Binding Proteins

Medical Definition: Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.
Also Called: DNA Helix Destabilizing Proteins,Single-Stranded DNA Binding Proteins,SSB Protein
Previously Indexed: Carrier Proteins (1978-1981),DNA Unwinding Proteins (1981-1983)
DNA-Binding Proteins Categories.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Adenovirus E2 Proteins - Proteins transcribed from the E2 region of adenovirus. Several of these are required for viral DNA replication.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins - A class of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to bind the DNA sequence CCAAT. The typical CCAAT-enhancer binding protein forms dimers and consists of an activation domain, a DNA-binding basic region, and a leucine-rich dimerization domain (LEUCINE ZIPPERS). CCAAT-BINDING FACTOR is structurally distinct type of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein consisting of a trimer of three different subunits.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition DNA-Binding Protein, Cyclic AMP-Responsive - A protein that has been shown to function as a calcium regulated transcription factor as well as a substrate for depolarization-activated calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinases I and II. This protein functions to integrate both calcium and cAMP signals.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition HMGA Proteins - Proteins containing AT-HOOK MOTIFS that are rich in arginine and glycine residues. They bind to the minor grove of AT-rich regions of DNA.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition HMGB Proteins - A family of sequence-related proteins similar to HMGB1 PROTEIN that contains specific HMG-BOX DOMAINS.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Homeodomain Proteins - Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).
Canadian Medical Guide Definition I-kappa B - Family of inhibitory proteins which bind to the rel family of transcription factors and modulate their activity. The transcription factor NF-KAPPA B is generally present in an inactive cytoplasmic form, bound to inhibitory IkB proteins. Cell stimulation causes its dissociation and translocation of active NF-kappa B to the nucleus.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins - Proteins that bind to the MATRIX ATTACHMENT REGIONS of DNA.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition NF-kappa B - Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Oncogene Protein p55(v-myc) - Transforming protein coded by myc oncogenes. The v-myc protein has been found in several replication-defective avian retrovirus isolates which induce a broad spectrum of malignancies.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Protein p53 - Nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the p53 gene (GENES, P53) whose normal function is to control cell proliferation. A mutant or absent p53 protein has been found in leukemia, osteosarcoma, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos - Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-fos genes (GENES, FOS). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. c-fos combines with c-jun (PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-JUN) to form a c-fos/c-jun heterodimer (TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AP-1) that binds to the TRE (TPA-responsive element) in promoters of certain genes.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun - Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-jun genes (GENES, JUN). They are involved in growth-related transcriptional control. There appear to be three distinct functions: dimerization (with c-fos), DNA-binding, and transcriptional activation. Oncogenic transformation can take place by constitutive expression of c-jun.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb - Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the myb gene (GENES, MYB). They are expressed in a wide variety of cells including thymocytes and lymphocytes, and regulate cell differentiation. Overexpression of myb is associated with autoimmune diseases and malignancies.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the c-myc genes. They are normally involved in nucleic acid metabolism and in mediating the cellular response to growth factors. Elevated and deregulated (constitutive) expression of c-myc proteins can cause tumorigenesis.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-rel - Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the rel gene (GENES, REL). They are expressed predominately in hematopoietic cells and may play a role in lymphocyte differentiation. Rel frequently combines with other related proteins (NF-KAPPA B, I-kappa B, relA) to form heterodimers that regulate transcription. Rearrangement or overexpression of c-rel can cause tumorigenesis.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Retinoblastoma Protein - Product of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene. It is a nuclear phosphoprotein hypothesized to normally act as an inhibitor of cell proliferation. Rb protein is absent in retinoblastoma cell lines. It also has been shown to form complexes with the adenovirus E1A protein, the SV40 T antigen, and the human papilloma virus E7 protein.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition T-Box Domain Proteins - Proteins containing a region of conserved sequence, about 200 amino acids long, which encodes a particular sequence specific DNA binding domain (the T-box domain). These proteins are transcription factors that control developmental pathways. The prototype of this family is the mouse Brachyury (or T) gene product.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Telomere-Binding Proteins - Proteins that specifically bind to TELOMERES. Proteins in this class include those that perform functions such as telomere capping, telomere maintenance and telomere stabilization.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Transcription Factor, Sp1 - Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the GC box, one of the upstream promoter elements (UPE) in mammalian cells. The binding of Sp1 is necessary to initiate transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral genes including c-Ha-ras and HIV.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Transcription Factors, General - Transcription factors that form transcription intiation complexes on DNA, bind to specific DNA-DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASES and are required to initiate transcription. Although their binding may be localized to distinct sequence and structural motifs within the DNA they are considered non-specific with regard to the specific gene being transcribed.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Viral Regulatory Proteins - Proteins which regulate the rate of transcription of viral structural genes.

DNA-Binding Proteins Medical Definitions and Terms

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