Canadian Medical Guide > Chemicals and Drugs Terms and Definitions

Chemicals and Drugs Terms and Definitions:

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	Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins - Amino acids and chains of amino acids connected by peptide linkages.
	Anti-Allergic and Respiratory System Agents - A collective term for drugs used to treat allergic reactions as well as those drugs that produce an effect on the respiratory system.
	Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Antirheumatic Agents, and Inflammation Mediators - Both endogenous and exogenous substances used to counteract the inflammatory process or alleviate or prevent rheumatic diseases, and the compounds that mediate the inflammation process.
	Antineoplastic and Immunosuppressive Agents - Collective grouping for substances used to arrest the proliferation of malignant cells and those that suppress the immune response.
	Biomedical and Dental Materials - Substances used in biomedicine or dentistry predominantly for their physical, as opposed to chemical, properties.
	Carbohydrates and Hypoglycemic Agents - A collective term for carbohydrates and agents used to lower the level of glucose in the blood.
	Cardiovascular Agents - Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.
	Central Nervous System Agents - A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms. They can be divided into "specific" agents, e.g., affecting an identifiable molecular mechanism unique to target cells bearing receptors for that agent, and "nonspecific" agents, those producing effects on different target cells and acting by diverse molecular mechanisms. Those with nonspecific mechanisms are generally further classed according to whether they produce behavioral depression or stimulation. Those with specific mechanisms are classed by locus of action or specific therapeutic use. (From Gilman AG, et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p252)
	Chemical Actions and Uses - A group of pharmacologic activities, effects on living systems and the environment, and modes of employment of drugs and chemicals. They are broken into actions, which describe their effects, and uses, which describe how they are employed.
	Complex Mixtures - Mixtures of many components in inexact proportions, usually natural, such as PLANT EXTRACTS; VENOMS; and MANURE. These are distinguished from DRUG COMBINATIONS which have only a few components in definite proportions.
	Dermatologic Agents - Drugs used to treat or prevent skin disorders or for the routine care of skin.
	Enzymes and Coenzymes - Biological catalysts and their cofactors.
	Growth Substances, Pigments, and Vitamins - A collective grouping for growth substances, pigments, and vitamins.
	Hematologic, Gastrointestinal, and Renal Agents - A collective grouping for agents that act on the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and renal systems.
	Heterocyclic Compounds - Ring compounds having atoms other than carbon in their nuclei. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
	Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists - A collective grouping for both naturally occurring and synthetic hormones, substitutes, and antagonists.
	Immunologic and Biological Factors - A collective grouping for biologically active substances that play a role in the functioning of the immune system and those that show biological or physiological activity.
	Inorganic Chemicals - A broad class of substances encompassing all those that do not include carbon and its derivatives as their principal elements. However, carbides, carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and carbon disulfide are included in this class.
	Lipids - A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
	Neurotransmitters and Neurotransmitter Agents - A collective grouping for neurotransmitters and substances that act on the neurotransmitter system.
	Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides - Complex compounds of high molecular weight occurring in living cells. These are basically of two types, ribonucleic (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic (DNA) acids, both of which consist of nucleotides (nucleoside phosphates linked together by phosphate bridges).
	Organic Chemicals - A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.
	Peripheral Nervous System Agents - Drugs that act principally at one or more sites within the peripheral neuroeffector systems, the autonomic system, and motor nerve-skeletal system. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p75)
	Pharmaceutical Preparations - Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.
	Polycyclic Hydrocarbons - Hydrocarbons consisting of two or more fused ring structures.
	Reproductive Control Agents - Substances used either in the prevention or facilitation of pregnancy.

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