Canadian Medical Guide > Biological Sciences > Reproductive and Urinary Physiology > Reproduction Terms and Definitions

Reproduction

Medical Definition:	The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Guide Notes:	IM for human, other mammals, birds & fish; NIM for other vertebrates, invertebrates & plants; REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR is also available
Also Called:	Human Reproductive Indexes,Reproductive Period

Reproduction Categories.

	Climacteric - Physiologic period, characterized by endocrine, somatic, and psychic changes with the termination of ovarian function in the female. It may also accompany the normal diminution of sexual activity in the male.
	Embryo and Fetal Development - Morphologic and physiologic development and growth of the mammalian EMBRYO or FETUS.
	Embryo Implantation - Endometrial implantation of EMBRYO at the BLASTOCYST stage.
	Estrous Cycle - The period of cyclic physiological and behavior changes in non-primate female mammals that exhibit ESTRUS. The estrous cycle generally consists of 4 or 5 distinct periods corresponding to the endocrine status (PROESTRUS, ESTRUS, METESTRUS, DIESTRUS, and ANESTRUS).
	Fertility - The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.
	Fertilization - The fusion of a spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) with an OVUM thus resulting in the formation of a ZYGOTE.
	Insemination
	Maternal Age
	Menstrual Cycle - The period from onset of one menstrual bleeding (MENSTRUATION) to the next in an ovulating woman or female primate. The menstrual cycle is regulated by endocrine interactions of the HYPOTHALAMUS, the PITUITARY, the ovaries, and the genital tract. The menstrual cycle is divided by OVULATION into two phases. Based on the endocrine status of the OVARY, there is a FOLLICULAR PHASE and a LUTEAL PHASE. Based on the response in the ENDOMETRIUM, the menstrual cycle is divided into a proliferative and a secretory phase.
	Oviposition
	Parthenogenesis
	Paternal Age - Age of the father.
	Placentation - Development of a site of fetomaternal union for physiologic exchange, a placenta or placenta-like organ.
	Pregnancy - The condition of having a developing embryo or fetus in the body, after union of an ovum and spermatozoon. (Dorland, 27th ed)
	Pregnancy Trimesters - The three periods of three months each in the normal pregnancy.
	Pregnancy, Animal
	Pregnancy, Multiple - The condition of bearing two or more fetuses simultaneously. (Stedman, 25th ed)
	Pregnancy, Unwanted - Pregnancy, usually accidental or unplanned, that is not desired by the parent or parents.
	Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - Delayed effects on offspring of maternal or fetal prenatal exposure to drugs, radiation and other physical agents, manipulation, nutrition, stress, etc.
	Pseudopregnancy - An acyclic state that resembles PREGNANCY in that there is no ovarian cycle, ESTROUS CYCLE, or MENSTRUAL CYCLE. Unlike pregnancy, there is no EMBRYO IMPLANTATION. Pseudopregnancy can be experimentally induced to form DECIDUOMA in the UTERUS.
	Puberty
	Puerperium - Period from delivery of the placenta until return of the reproductive organs to their normal nonpregnant morphologic state. In humans, the puerperium generally lasts for six to eight weeks.
	Sex - The totality of characteristics of reproductive structure, functions, PHENOTYPE, and GENOTYPE, differentiating the MALE from the FEMALE organism.
	Sex Characteristics - Those characteristics that distinguish one SEX from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the OVARIES and TESTES and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction.
	Sex Reversal, Gonadal - Complete or partial change from one sex to another with regard to gonadal development. Gonadal sex reversal may occur naturally or be induced by factors such as steroids, temperature, and autosomal abnormalities during the critical period of gonadal differentiation (SEX DIFFERENTIATION) in some species.

Reproduction Medical Definitions and Terms

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Reproduction

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