Canadian Medical Guide > Chemicals and Drugs > Organic Chemicals > Lactones > Macrolides Terms and Definitions




Macrolides

Medical Definition: A group of macrocyclic compounds formed by chain extension of multiple PROPRIONATES and cyclized into a large (typically 12, 14, 16) membered lactone. They are often glycosylated. Many of them are ANTIBIOTICS.
Also Called: Macrolide Polyketides
Macrolides Categories.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Amphotericin B - Macrolide antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nodosus obtained from soil of the Orinoco river region of Venezuela.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Antimycin A - An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and mitocide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Brefeldin A - A fungal metabolite which is a macrocyclic lactone exhibiting a wide range of antibiotic activity.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Candicidin - Mixture of antifungal heptaene macrolides from Streptomyces griseus or Actinomyces levoris used topically in candidiasis. The antibiotic complex is composed of candicidins A, B, C, and D, of which D is the major component.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Epothilones - A group of 16-member MACROLIDES which stabilize MICROTUBULES in a manner similar to PACLITAXEL. They were originally found in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, now renamed to Polyangium (MYXOCOCCALES).
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Erythromycin - A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Josamycin - A macrolide antibiotic from Streptomyces narbonensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Leucomycins - An antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces kitasatoensis. The complex consists of a mixture of at least eight biologically active components, A1 and A3 to A9. Leucomycins have both antibacterial and antimycoplasmal activities.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Lucensomycin - A macrolide isolated from cultures of Streptomyces lucensis.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Maytansine - An ansa macrolide isolated from the East African shrubs Maytenus serrata and M. buchananii. It has antineoplastic activity, probably due to its inhibition of DNA synthesis.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Miocamycin - A macrolide antibiotic that has a wide antimicrobial spectrum and is particularly effective in respiratory and genital infections.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Natamycin - Amphoteric macrolide antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces natalensis or S. chattanoogensis. It is used for a variety of fungal infections, mainly topically.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Nystatin - Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Oleandomycin - Antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces antibioticus.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Oligomycins - A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Sirolimus - A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Tacrolimus - A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Tylosin - Macrolide antibiotic obtained from cultures of Streptomyces fradiae. The drug is effective against many microorganisms in animals but not in humans.

Macrolides Medical Definitions and Terms

CANADIAN MEDICAL GUIDE

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