Canadian Medical Guide > Chemicals and Drugs > Organic Chemicals > Ketones Terms and Definitions

Ketones

Medical Definition:
Guide Notes:	KETO ACIDS & KETOSES are also available; ketonemia & ketonuria go under KETONE BODIES; ketogenesis is probably KETONE BODIES /biosyn

Ketones Categories.

	Acetone - A colorless liquid used as a solvent and an antiseptic. It is one of the ketone bodies produced during ketoacidosis.
	Acetophenones
	Benzophenones
	Butanones
	Butyrophenones - Compounds containing phenyl-1-butanone.
	Hexanones - 6-carbon straight-chain or branched ketones.
	Ketone Bodies - The substances beta-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, and acetone, which are produced by fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism in the liver in approximately a 78:20:2 ratio. Acetoacetate is produced from acetyl-CoA. Most is enzymatically converted to beta-ketobutyrate, but a small amount is spontaneously decarboxylated to acetone. The ketone bodies can be used as fuels by muscle and brain tissue. In starvation and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, large quantities are produced, causing metabolic acidosis and elevated blood and urine levels of all three ketone bodies. (Dorland, 28th ed)
	Methadone - A synthetic opioid that is used as the hydrochloride. It is an opioid analgesic that is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. It has actions and uses similar to those of MORPHINE. It also has a depressant action on the cough center and may be given to control intractable cough associated with terminal lung cancer. Methadone is also used as part of the treatment of dependence on opioid drugs, although prolonged use of methadone itself may result in dependence. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1082-3)
	Pentanones - 5-carbon straight-chain or branched-chain ketones.
	Phosgene - A highly toxic gas that has been used as a chemical warfare agent. It is an insidious poison as it is not irritating immediately, even when fatal concentrations are inhaled. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed, p7304)
	Propiophenones

Ketones Medical Definitions and Terms

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