Canadian Medical Guide > Chemicals and Drugs > Heterocyclic Compounds > Alkaloids > Opium > Morphinans Terms and Definitions

Morphinans

Medical Definition:
Previously Indexed:	Codeine (1966-1968),Diacetylmorphine (1966-1968),Dihydromorphinone (1966-1968),Morphine (1966-1968),Opium (1966-1968),Thebaine (1966-1968)

Morphinans Categories.

	Benzomorphans - Morphine derivatives of the methanobenzazocine family that act as potent analgesics.
	Buprenorphine - A derivative of the opioid alkaloid THEBAINE that is a more potent and longer lasting analgesic than MORPHINE. It appears to act as a partial agonist at mu and kappa opioid receptors and as an antagonist at delta receptors. The lack of delta-agonist activity has been suggested to account for the observation that buprenorphine tolerance may not develop with chronic use.
	Butorphanol - A synthetic morphinan analgesic with narcotic antagonist action. It is used in the management of severe pain.
	Dextrorphan - Dextro form of levorphanol. It acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, among other effects, and has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent. It is also a metabolite of DEXTROMETHORPHAN.
	Diprenorphine - A narcotic antagonist similar in action to NALOXONE. It is used to remobilize animals after ETORPHINE neuroleptanalgesia and is considered a specific antagonist to etorphine.
	Etorphine - A narcotic analgesic morphinan used as a sedative in veterinary practice.
	Levallorphan - An opioid antagonist with properties similar to those of NALOXONE; in addition it also possesses some agonist properties. It should be used cautiously; levallorphan reverses severe opioid-induced respiratory depression but may exacerbate respiratory depression such as that induced by alcohol or other non-opioid central depressants. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p683)
	Levorphanol - A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is nearly as effective orally as by injection.
	Morphine - The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.
	Nalbuphine - A narcotic used as a pain medication. It appears to be an agonist at kappa opioid receptors and an antagonist or partial agonist at mu opioid receptors.
	Nalorphine - A narcotic antagonist with some agonist properties. It is an antagonist at mu opioid receptors and an agonist at kappa opioid receptors. Given alone it produces a broad spectrum of unpleasant effects and it is considered to be clinically obsolete.
	Naloxone - A specific opiate antagonist that has no agonist activity. It is a competitive antagonist at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors.

Morphinans Medical Definitions and Terms

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