Canadian Medical Guide > Chemicals and Drugs > Organic Chemicals > Amidines > Guanidines Terms and Definitions

Guanidines

Medical Definition:	A family of iminourea derivatives. The parent compound has been isolated from mushrooms, corn germ, rice hulls, mussels, earthworms, and turnip juice. Derivatives may have antiviral and antifungal properties.
Guide Notes:	do not confuse with GUANINE

Guanidines Categories.

	3-Iodobenzylguanidine - A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.
	Agmatine - Decarboxylated arginine, isolated from several plant and animal sources, e.g., pollen, ergot, herring sperm, octopus muscle.
	Bethanidine - A guanidinium antihypertensive agent that acts by blocking adrenergic transmission. The precise mode of action is not clear.
	Biguanides
	Cimetidine - A histamine congener, it competitively inhibits histamine binding to H2 receptors. Cimetidine has a range of pharmacological actions. It inhibits gastric acid secretion, as well as pepsin and gastrin output. It also blocks the activity of cytochrome P-450.
	Creatine - An amino acid that occurs in vertebrate tissues and in urine. In muscle tissue, creatine generally occurs as phosphocreatine. Creatine is excreted as CREATININE in the urine.
	Gabexate - A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.
	Guanabenz - An alpha-2 selective adrenergic agonist used as an antihypertensive agent.
	Guanethidine - An antihypertensive agent that acts by inhibiting selectively transmission in post-ganglionic adrenergic nerves. It is believed to act mainly by preventing the release of norepinephrine at nerve endings and causes depletion of norepinephrine in peripheral sympathetic nerve terminals as well as in tissues.
	Guanfacine - A centrally acting antihypertensive agent. The drug lowers both systolic and diastolic blood pressure by activating the central nervous system alpha-2 adrenoreceptors, which results in reduced sympathetic outflow leading to reduced vascular tone. Its adverse reactions include dry mouth, sedation, and constipation.
	Guanidine - A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.
	Impromidine - A highly potent and specific histamine H2 receptor agonist. It has been used diagnostically as a gastric secretion indicator.
	Methylguanidine - A product of putrefaction. Poisonous.
	Mitoguazone - Antineoplastic agent effective against myelogenous leukemia in experimental animals. Also acts as an inhibitor of animal S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.
	Nitrosoguanidines
	Pinacidil - A potassium-channel opener that produces direct peripheral vasodilatation of the arterioles. It reduces blood pressure and peripheral resistance and produces fluid retention. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)
	Robenidine - An anticoccidial agent mainly for poultry.

Guanidines Medical Definitions and Terms

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