Canadian Medical Guide > Chemicals and Drugs > Organic Chemicals Terms and Definitions




Organic Chemicals

Medical Definition: A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.
Guide Notes: GEN or unspecified; prefer specific groups or specific chemicals
Organic Chemicals Categories.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Alcohols - Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Aldehydes - Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Amides - Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Amidines
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Amines - A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Anhydrides - Chemical compounds derived from acids by the elimination of a molecule of water.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Aza Compounds
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Azo Compounds
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Carboxylic Acids - Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Catenanes - Complex compounds where two cyclic molecules are interlaced together as links in a chain. They have potential use in NANOTECHNOLOGY.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Cyanates - Organic salts of cyanic acid containing the -OCN radical.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Ethers
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Glycosylation End Products, Advanced - Products derived from the nonenzymatic reaction of glucose and proteins in vivo that exhibit a yellow-brown pigmentation and an ability to participate in protein-protein cross-linking. These substances are involved in biological processes relating to protein turnover and it is believed that their excessive accumulation contributes to the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Hydrazines
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Hydrocarbons
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Imides
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Imines
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Isocyanates - Organic compounds that contain the -NCO radical.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Ketones
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Lactones
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Nitriles - Organic compounds containing the -CN radical. The concept is distinguished from CYANIDES, which denotes inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Nitro Compounds
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Nitroso Compounds
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Onium Compounds - Ions with the suffix -onium, indicating cations with coordination number 4 of the type RxA+ which are analogous to AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS (H4N+). Ions include phosphonium R4P+, oxonium R3O+, sulfonium R3S+, chloronium R2Cl+
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Organometallic Compounds - A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Organophosphorus Compounds - Organic compounds that contain phosphorus as an integral part of the molecule.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Organoselenium Compounds - Organic compounds which contain selenium as an integral part of the molecule.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Organosilicon Compounds - Organic compounds that contain silicon as an integral part of the molecule.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Organothiophosphorus Compounds - Compounds containing carbon-phosphorus bonds in which the phosphorus component is also bonded to one or more sulfur atoms. Many of these compounds function as pesticides (e.g., INSECTICIDES, ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE).
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Phenols
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Quinones - Hydrocarbon rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Rotaxanes - Complex compounds in which a dumbbell shaped molecule is encircled by a macrocycle. They are named after rota (wheel) and axis (axle). Notation with a prefix is used to indicate the number of interlocked components. They have potential use in NANOTECHNOLOGY. Rotaxanes have been made with CYCLODEXTRINS and CYCLIC ETHERS.
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Semicarbazides
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Triazenes
Canadian Medical Guide Definition Urea - A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

Organic Chemicals Medical Definitions and Terms

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